Tigers Essays - Tigers, Tiger, Bengal Tiger, Siberian Tiger

Tigers Tigers are descended from civet-like animals called niacis that lived during the age of the dinosaurs about 60 million years ago (Dang, 1994). These small mammals, with long bodies and short flexible limbs, evolved over millions of years into several hundred different species, including cats, bears, dogs and weasels. About 37 cat species exist today (Dang, 1994). Tigers evolved in eastern Asia , but it is not exact. Sabre-tooth tigers are not the ancestors of today's tigers. In fact, sabre-tooth tigers belonged to a separate branch of cat evolution which became extinct many millions of years ago. The Siberian or Amur tiger lives primarily in eastern Russia, and a few are found in northeastern China and northern North Korea. It is estimated that 437-506 Siberian tigers still exist in the wild (Tilson ,1995). About 490 captive Siberian tigers a re managed in zoo conservation programs (Tilson, 1995). The South China tiger is the most critically endnagered of all tiger subspecies. They are found in central and eastern China. It is estimated that only 20-30 South China tigers are left in the wild (Dang ,1994). Currently 48 South China tigers live in 19 zoos, all in China (Dang ,1994). The distribution of the Indochinese tiger is centered in Thailand, and is found in Myanmar, southern China, CAnbodia, Laos, Vietnam, and penisular Malaysia. About 1,180- 1,790 Indochines tigers are left in the wild and about 60 live in zoos (Tilson, 1995). Bengal tigers live in India, and some range through Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Myanmar. The estimated wild population is approzimately 3,060- 4,735 tigers, with about 333 in captivity, primarily in zoos in India (Dang, 1994). White tigers are just white-colored Bengal tigers. They ae not a separate subspecies of tiger, and they are no albinos. They have blue eyes, a pink nose, and creamy white fur with chocolate colored striipes, White tigers are only born when two tigers that both carry the unusual gene for white coloring mate, Wild white tigers are very rare, and todayt they can only be seen in zoos. The Sumatrain tiger is found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. About 400-500 wild Sumatran tigers are believed to exist, primarily inthe island's five national parks (Dang, 1994). Another 235 Simatran tigers live in zoos around the world (Dang, 1994). Three tiger subspecies have been considered to become extinct in the past 70 years (Tilson ,1994). The Caspian tiger, known as the Panthera tigris virgata, once ranged in Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Mongolia, and Central Asiatic area of Russia and probably went extinct in the 1950's (Tilson, 1995). The Javan tiger, Panthera tigris sondaica, formerly ranged on the Indonesian island of Java and was last seen in 1972 (Tilson, 1995). The Bali tiger, Panthera tigris balica, once lived on Bali, where the last tiger was believed to have been killed in 1937 (Tilson, 1995). Tigers have social behavior. Adult tigers are solitary animal that establish their territories in areas with enough prey, cover and water to support them. The hardship of loating prey in tiger habitat makes it more efficient for tigers to hunt alone. As a result, they do not tend to form social groups like lions. A female tiger and her cubs are the exception to this, and will form a family group for 2 to 3 years, until the cubs are able to fend for themselves (Dang ,1994). The territory of a tiger usually ranges in size from about 10 to 30 square miles, although the territory of a Siberian tiger may be as large as 120 square miles (Tilson, 1995). Both male and female tigers spray bushes and trees along their route with amixture of urine and scent gland secretions. This is a way of declaring their territory. They also leave marks on trees, and urinate or leave droppongs in prominent places. Female tigers reach maturity when they area bout 3 years old and males reach it when they are a year or so later (Dang, 1994). In temperate climates, a tigress comes into heat only seasonally , but in tropical climates, she may come int heat throughtout the year. She signals her readiness with scent marking and locating roars. The brief act of copulaiton occurs continually for a five day period. Tigers

Public Scrutiny and Accountability An Ethical Dilemma

Public Scrutiny and Accountability An Ethical Dilemma Brief Overview of Facts and Issues Art Springer was the head of the Bureau of License Enforcement. Springer worked under Anne Trotter, the agency director of the firm. Trotter on the other hand worked directly under the office of the Governor. Springer was given a free reign in his office. In the process, he made a lot of decisions without consultation of his junior staff.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Public Scrutiny and Accountability: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, under certain circumstances, Trotter would intervene and give Springer some directives. These instances were considered as high profile situations (Miller, n.d.). However, even under these instances, the directives that Trotter gave were not different from what Springer would have done. In addition, Springer had no ethical issues that affected his work. William J. Smith held the office of the governor. Governor Willi am was used to getting his way. He also had a habit of getting even with anyone who did not stand on his lines. Smith ensured that all his employees were loyal to him. The idea of loyalty according to the governor meant that all the employees would have to portray his administration in the best light. Working for the Governor came with strings attached. In fact, to be part of the administration, one had to be willing to sacrifice his reputation for the governor’s sake (Miller, n.d.). Springer realized that to survive at the state administration, he had to show his support to the governor. Moreover, Springer realized that Trotter would go along with anything that she thought would be beneficial to the governor. Springer thus began working shortly after Governor Smith was elected. In fact, Trotter, who was head hunting for the best people in the market to head the departments, recruited Springer as the head of bureau of License. At the present moment, Governor Smith is facing a tough re-election campaign and the media is all over the place â€Å"digging for dirt†. Hence, the media presence around Springer’s office has increased by at least 20% (Miller, n.d.). In a meeting, the public information officer cautioned the Bureau Chiefs that they should not let anything to occur within the bureau that the media would deem as scandalous.Advertising Looking for case study on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The governor liked to be surrounded by his supporters despite the fact that in public, he portrayed the picture of a non-partisan politician. Moreover, the governor liked knowing that his administration was behind him. Most of his administrators understood the importance of supporting the governor. It happened that the governor was hosting a gala fundraiser in the state capital. Most of the mid level administrators expressed their desire to attend this event (Miller, n.d.). To facilitate the idea of mid level administrators attending the event, three of the four chiefs decided to hold meetings at the state capital. This would ensure that the mid level administrators attended the event. Moreover, their expenses to and from the capital would be reimbursed. The law is very clear on using the states resources for personal gain. Springer is sure that the idea of the three chiefs is against the law. In fact, his certainty was compounded by the fact that the chiefs have confided in him that there no real reason behind the meetings. In fact, the meetings are just decoys so that the employees can go to the event organized by the governor and network with other state administrators (Miller, n.d.). Springer initially thought that the chief’s ideas were self-initiated. However after, Trotter, he realized that there was more to the case than he knew. From Trotter, Springer learned that he was supposed to go along with the idea. In other words , the director wanted Springer to call his own meeting and go to the state. Springer’s loyalty was put to test (Miller, n.d.). The same afternoon, one of the chiefs, Mike Daniels, asked Springer if he intended to go along with the plan but he dodged the question and tried to point out the dangers of getting involved with such an activity. However, Daniels dismissed his arguments and told him that the media had to be led to a problem before they could actually do anything. PA at Center of Force Field and the Mission of this PA This is a case of ethics and decision-making when an individual is faced with ethical problems. Therefore, to identify the public administrator who is at the center of the field, we have to identify the person who is facing issues regarding to ethics and decision-making. From the article, several administrators have violated several ethical rules and guidelines that are supposed to guide their conduct in office.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Public Scrutiny and Accountability: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, decision-making issues do not hold most of them captives. This is because they have already made their decisions. This therefore leaves Springer as the major candidate who is faced by ethical violations and a decision to make on these issues. Therefore, Springer becomes the best candidate to be placed at the center of a force field. Springer has a tough mission. He has to make decisions on whether to go along with the plan put forward by the director or to act within the law and do nothing. Both these decisions have consequences. If Springer decides to go along with the plan that the other chiefs have accepted, he risks breaking the law. Moreover, he risks being put on the spot light by the media that have intensified their activities around the Bureau of Licensing. On the other hand, if Springer decides to be ethical and act within the stipulations of the constitution, he risks losing his job. Moreover, in an industry where most of the employers do like whistle blowers, Springer risks his reputation among other potential employers. Therefore, Springer’s main mission is to find a solution that would satisfy both his employers and his personal needs. Insights from the Case Questions The case questions present a deep insight into the case under study. To begin with, the main questions with regards to this case requires one to identify the ethical challenges that Springer faces. In the first place, Springer has a choice between showing loyalty to his boss to maintain his reputation as well as his job or upholding the law and losing his job. The ethics demand that Springer should uphold the law. However, ethics is a question of morals and morals may be forced to change with circumstances. Springer is under a lot of pressure to make a decision that may leave him at a position where he is not compromis ed. There is always the tempting factor that since all the others members are involved it may be okay to do the same. Therefore, in order not to lose his job Springer may be tempted to go along with plan. However, if he goes along with the plan and they get caught in the fiasco, it is a known fact the governor would always look for a fall guy and defend himself. With this in mind, Springer is in a tight spot where he will require a lot soul searching to make his final decision.Advertising Looking for case study on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second question demands a course of action that Springer can take. There are two courses of action that Springer could take. To begin with, Springer can collude with the chiefs and go along with the plan. This course would enable him to keep his job in the short run. However, in the event that they are exposed, he will eventually lose his job. On the other hand, Springer can take a different course of action. He may decide to expose the scandal altogether. This might probably make him lose the current position that he holds. However, from a legal and professional view, this is an ethical decision. This, may however lead to his dismissal from office. However, he may use all legal means, including requesting for a body of inquiry to investigate on the issue in order for him to be reinstated to the position that he held. This means that he can sue the governor. Therefore, the most probable and safest course of action would be to make a decision based on ethics. Another question tha t can be looked upon in this case is the demand to know whether the alternative course of action should be discussed with anyone else. Actually, discussing the problem with someone else would be the best decision. Therefore, if I were Springer then I would discuss the question with someone else. In such a situation, the best person to discuss with would be a lawyer. This is because a lawyer presents the best cover in case of job termination. Moreover, a lawyer will offer legal advice on the matters regarding to ethics. Furthermore, lawyers always provide alternative solutions to the problem and methods that one can use to ‘cover his back’. The considerations that will affect Springer’s decision-making include what Springer has to lose or gain (looking at the pros and cons of each decision). Each decision has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, choosing the right decision will depend on the consequences that the decision will yield. To begin with, if the decision is likely to lead to dire consequences, then it should be avoided. On the other hand, if the decision will lead to minor consequences then it represents the course of action. As discussed above, choosing to go along with the director’s plan may lead to only short-term benefits. If the plans go wrong, the resulting consequences may include removal from office, serving a jail sentence and loss of personal reputation. On the other hand, choosing to be ethical is likely to lead to loss of job and loss of reputation among the corrupt. Looking at these two options, the best option to take is being ethical. This is because the likelihood of losing the job will be high but due to the laws and legal restrictions, the probability of being directly fired will be reduced. Moreover, since Springer was ‘head hunted’ from the best the probability of finding another job will be high. If I was in the shoes of Springer and asked to schedule a formal meeting, I probably wo uld have taken the offer. The reason for this decision is that in the case of a formal request, I would have a means of defending my actions. A formal request from my superiors means that they are actually admitting liability hence they will be liable for the consequences that may arise from the meeting. Therefore, despite the fact that I would have ignored ethics, I will have shown my loyalty and kept my job. Moreover, with this decision, I would manage to keep both my job and reputation intact. However, when the question comes down to morality, I will probably have the feeling of guilt. Nevertheless, law and morality are two different things. Since in this question I will not have broken the law, then it may live with the social guilt. After all, when the society is analyzed as a whole, almost no one upholds morality. In case, if the media calls to ask about the appropriateness of the meeting, I can clearly defend my actions by stating that I was requested to attend the meeting th erefore, I had no choice but to abide to the directions of my superiors. Therefore, all the answers can be obtained from the director. Identification of the Stakeholders The stakeholders, in this case, are the people who have an interest in the developing situation. From a plain analysis, there are several stakeholders on the case at hand. To begin with, the State can be considered as the major stakeholder. This is because the case involves ethical issues and the state has interest in matters that pertain to ethics. Therefore, the state has interest in his case since it involves a case where several individuals are willing to utilize resources under false pretence. Another interested party is the governor. The governor has an interest in the case since it may affect his image and public reputation. In addition to the governor, the director, Trotter, also has an interest in the case. This is because the case will affect her work directly or indirectly depending on the decision that S pringer will make. Furthermore, there are the chiefs in other departments. Springer’s decision will affect the chiefs in that they may lose their jobs if Springer makes an ethical decision. Lastly, at the core of the case is Springer. Springer is the man left with the decision making capability. All the outcomes of the case shall depend on how Springer makes his decision. The media remains a stakeholder in this case but only to a small extent. This is because the media is portrayed as the only source that may uncover the activities of the agency. Therefore, to a given extend they have some interest in the agency and this translates to interest in the case as well. Kurt Lewin came up with Force Field Analysis in 1951. This analysis is widely used by many people to make informed decision-making (Lewin, 1951). Moreover, managers and administrators use the force field to make plans and implement changes in the administrative programmes. Force Field Analysis is a powerful tool use d in gaining comprehensive point of view on different forces that act for and against a decision. Therefore, managers may use the Force Field Analysis to simplify the process of decision making in an organizational set up. Force Field Analysis may also be useful to individuals facing tough decisions. A simple form of a force field analysis is a pro-and-con list that most individuals use when making personal decisions. The formation of a force field analysis will depend on the merits and demerits of each decision. Each decision has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, choosing the right decision will depend on the consequences that the decision will yield. To begin with, if the decision is likely to lead to dire consequences, then Springer should avoid it. On the other hand, if the decision will lead to minor consequences then it represents the course of action. As discussed above, choosing to go along with the director’s plan may lead to only short-term benefits. If t he plans go wrong then, the consequences include loss of job, probability of going to jail, and loss of personal reputation. On the other hand, choosing to be ethical is likely to lead to loss of job and loss of reputation among the corrupt. Looking at these two options, the best option to take is being ethical. This is because the likelihood of losing the job will be high but due to the laws and legal restrictions. The probability of the governor firing him will reduce considerably. Moreover, since the director chose Springer from the best, he is likely to take a short time before he gets another job. Force field analysis works best when a small group is discussing the case, especially a group of about four to eight people. The first step in creating a force field analysis framework is to decide on the area that requires a decision to be made. This decision might be written as a suggestion or proposal. All the forces that support the proposed decision should be listed on the left c olumn. These forces drive change and encourage a person to make a certain decision. These forces are also known as the pros of making a certain decision. All the forces that are against the decision are listed on the right column. These forces restrain a person from making certain decisions. After doing this, all the two columns are compared to each other and the one with the most compelling arguments is chosen. Springer decision is highly dependent on ethics. Therefore, at the core of the force field we will have Springer’s ethical decision. On the left of the force field, we will have all the forces that support the idea of a decision based on ethics. On the left, we will have all the negative forces that may try to prevent Springer from making a rational ethical decision. Springer needs to consult a legal team that will assist him in formulating a comprehensive force field. A well-formulated force field will assist Springer in coming making a rational decision. Moreover, i t simplifies the problem by breaking it down to smaller units that can be solved individually. The figure below shows a sample force field that Springer may use to make a decision on the dilemma that he faces. Force Field Analysis Diagram The Problem According to the law, no one is allowed to use the taxpayer’s money for personal gains. Springer’s colleagues have no qualms about using the taxpayer’s resources to attend a gala event organized by the governor. On the other hand, Springer is an employee who has adhered to ethics all through his career. Therefore, he is faced with a dilemma, which requires him to choose between two the options. Therefore, in this article the question is should Springer uphold the law or should he show loyalty to his employer. The problem in this case is with the higher authority (Director and the governor). These two are ‘backing Springer into a corner’ due to matters that relate to ethics. Therefore, the problem in th is case is lack of adherence to ethics and the law. Most of the employees at the agency do not abide to the ethics and code of conduct that has been set by the law. Moreover, they are breaking the law and are demanding the same from Springer. Springer finds himself in situation where he has to choose between losing his job and breaking the law. Springer has to make a decision on whether he will adhere to the code of conduct in his profession or he will join the bandwagon and keep his job. Analysis of the problem Art Springer is in a dilemma because he is faced by a tough ethical decision. As head of the bureau of License, Springer has never been faced with ethical problems. Therefore, when the case of ethics arose, Springer found himself in a tough position. The dilemma arises because his superiors are willing to misinform the public and the state on matters of public finances. The chiefs are willing to call meetings for no good reason. The public will finance these meetings but thi s is unethical since the meetings will only benefit the governor. The problem in this case is arises due to difference in moral standards and interests of public administrators. To begin with, the Governor likes to be surrounded with his supporters. Therefore, he tends to consent to any ideas that would have him around his supporters. The fact that his employees are breaking the law to be around him does not raise much concern. In fact, Springer learned that the governor might be the one who sanctioned the meetings at the states capital. Under the governor is the director who is very loyal to him. Trotter always goes along with what the governor wants. Therefore, she wants Springer to do the same. Moreover, the chiefs of other departments are already going along with the plan. Therefore, this raises a lot of question on ethics of the staff in the agency. How ethical are the people who work for the governor? Most of them are unethical. These employees do not adhere to the code of con duct required in their profession. Therefore, when Springer shows that he is not willing to throw his morals out of the window, it raises a lot questions about his loyalty to the governor. However, Springer’s dilemma shows that, as a public administrator, he is doing the right thing to doubt his colleagues’ commitment to their public duty. Ethic derives its origin from the ancient Greek language, which expressed the idea of morality and conformity in behavior to a certain code. Ethics therefore defines a code of conduct that should be adopted and implemented by management to govern the behavior within a working environment. To evaluate ethics, we have to look at the personal values that a person portrays. This article is concerned with ethical issues that affect public administrators. Most of the countries and businesses in the world have incorporated ethics into their constitutions. Taking the example of Brazil, their federal constitution has incorporated the concept of morality, impersonality, publicity, efficiency, and legality in public administration. The concept of ethics is based on morality. Morality is a principle that leads to the understanding that the service to the people requires more than compliance to the law. Therefore, a public administrator needs to obey rules of the social morality, show good behavior, and have integrity by showing common sense of honesty (Figueiredo Marcos, 2002). Conduct among public administrators should conform to the public demands and social morality. Ethics is a vital element in most legislation. This is because it sets the principles for public administration will follow. Acts enacted in parliaments require that all public administrators should manage public financial resources efficiently, effectively and in an ethical manner. Public administration in most countries requires the highest possible standards of ethical behavior. Ethical management of any organization demands impartiality from the public servants. A public administrator must incorporate procedural fairness, and support equality in employment. Having high ethical standards entails having more than just compliance with the state law and administrative laws. In fact, it needs a culture of decision-makers who base their decisions on justice, transparency, accountability, fairness, and consideration of public interest. Moreover, the public administrator needs to be careful when exercising of the legal duties delegated to him or her by the public. Using these aforementioned concepts on ethics, we can identify who the culprits in this case are. For instance, Governor Smith has several ethical issues. To begin with, the governor is partial. He liked to be surrounded by his supporters despite the fact that, in public, he portrayed the picture of a non-partisan politician. Moreover, the governor liked knowing that his administration was behind him. Most of his administrators understood the importance of supporting the govern or. Moreover, the governor usually acted in his own interest. Springer realized that to survive at the state administration he had to show his support to the governor. Moreover, Springer realized that Trotter would go along with anything that she thought would be beneficial to the governor. Moreover, the governor had a habit of getting even with anyone who did not do his bidding or went against him. Smith made sure clear that all his employees were loyal to him. The idea of loyal, according to the governor, meant that all the employees would have to portray his administration in the best light. Working for the Governor came with strings attached. In fact, to be part of the administration one had to be willing to sacrifice his reputation for the governor’s sake. This character shows that he governor has ethical issues and he is not fit to hold the position. Another person with ethical issues is the director. She does what her boss tells her without questions. Moreover, she int imidates all the other employees who do not work as per her requirements. Both the governor and the director are willing to anything against common ethics. In fact, after Springer confronted the director on the case at hand he realized that there was more to the case than he knew. The director had collaborated with chiefs to ensure that the meetings took place in the capital. Moreover, she expected Springer to do the same as the other director. These factors show that there is an ethical problem in the agency. Most of the employees are affected because top management is affected. Other persons who are affected by the ethical problems are the chiefs of other departments and their junior administrators. These chiefs have no qualms when subscribing to the notion of breaking the law. They accept all the diabolical plans without considering the implications or consequences. Ethical issues are not sources of concern in the agency. This shows that, the agency as a whole is affected with th e issues on ethics except for Springer. Alternative Solutions to Ethical Problems in the Agency To begin with, Springer can decide to resign. If Springer resigns, he may be the only casualty in the whole scandal. This is because he will lose his job while the company will go ahead and carry out its plan. Moreover, Springer’s resignation will not be beneficial to the agency, which is affected by ethical issues. Therefore, Springer’s resignation from his position will only be an act of saving personal image while letting the society rot. In fact, it only solves his problems and not the problem of ethics that must be solved. Another way to solve this problem is for Springer to adhere to ethics and refuse to yield to the pressure from his superiors. However, in such a case the likelihood of losing his job is high. This is because he will have shown disloyalty to his boss who will not be pleased with the idea. It is well known that Governor Smith likes only the loyal follow ers. Therefore, a disloyal employee is likely to lose is position in the agency. Moreover, if Springer decides to maintain his decision based on a moral ground, he will lose the trust of his colleagues like Daniel. The reason being that he will be the black ‘sheep of the flock’. This means that his refusal to accept a plan that everyone else had accepted will be seen as betrayal thus loss of trust from his colleagues. However, by sticking to a moral decision, Springer will have given himself a fighting chance in case he loses his job. This is because if he is fired on the fact that he was nit loyal, he can expose the governor’s lack of adherence to the law and ethics. Moreover, being fired on such grounds can warrant a lawsuit against the agency. Springer can solve the problem facing him by provide an anonymous tip to the media. The media might then conduct their investigations, which might lead them to the core of the case and maybe uncover the truth. This way, the case will be uncovered without Springer losing his job. However, for every alternative there is a victim. In this alternative, the victim is likely to be the governor or the director. The chiefs of other departments may also be included in the list of victims. However, the likelihood of catching the governor as the main victim is low. This is because he has taken the caution to ensure that his employees can take the heat. Therefore, in case of intensive media investigations one of the employees will be taken as the fall guy. Alternatively, Springer can come out in the open report the occurrence to the authorities. By reporting this action, Springer will have acted on ethical grounds. Moreover, he will not compromise himself in the process. Therefore, he may avoid any criminal prosecution that the perpetrators of the fraudulent plot will face. In case where Springer decides to report the case, he must have sufficient evidence to support his claims. Otherwise, he may find himself as the only victim in the case. Cases concerning ethics are usually complicated and can easily be concealed if the whistle blower does not have sufficient evidence. However, if the whistle blower provides accurate information the law is bound to protect him. A good example of such a case was in the newspapers where an employee received benefits because he maintained ethics Public administrators face various ethical issues. Most of the issues faced by managers involve decision-making. Appropriate use of public finance and conflict of interest are the major issues that have been observed in the field of public administration. Usually managers decisions on public finances tend to serve personal interests rather than the interests of shareholders, owners, or the public (Schneider, 2004). The issue on appropriate use of public resources is usually associated with conflict of interest. Public administrators will prefer to serve self-interest rather than to serve the public’s intere st. For example, a manager whose performance is measured on return on investment will usually pick the investment option that serves his or her interests first. If the manager is faced with the option of an investment that benefits the company but reduces his personal return on investment he or she can reject the option. This is because the managers have the power to reject profitable investment options whose return on investment is below the average return on investment of his division. Acceptance of such an investment option may lower the overall return on investment of the division and not serve the manager’s interest. This example shows that accountability in the public sector has become outdated. Identification of a Solution The problem of ethics demands an amicable solution. One of the best possible solutions is implementing reforms. It is generally easier to implement reforms in public administration. However, the reforms present dilemmas to the policy makers. Therefor e, there is great danger that these policy makers may lose sight on what is important and what is required to bring balances in the institutional frameworks. In the case presented above, various alternatives may be taken into account to arrive at a solution. However, each of the alternatives has its casualty. In our case study, reforms are not the only form of solution that are useful. The best solution in this case lies with the analysis of the force field and Springer’s moral. However, best solution in this case is to be whistle blower. Springer should come out in the open and report the case of ethics breach to the authorities. By reporting this action, Springer will have acted on ethical grounds. Moreover, he will not compromise himself in the process. Therefore, he will exclude his involvement in any criminal proceedings that the perpetrators of the fraudulent plot will face. This solution has several advantages and disadvantages. Some of the merits include maintain oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s integrity. All the future, potential employers of Springer will view him as honest, straightforward, and sincere in his approach to professional work. Public administrators must be aware of their role in the society. Therefore, they must maintain extremely high standards of professional conduct. Moreover, they should not tolerate any mode of conduct that may compromise their status. Therefore, being a whistle blower will increase the chances of Springer getting a job with employer who demand honesty. As a whistle blower, Springer will keep his conscience clear. The disadvantage of this solution is that, the political environment and the public sector demands loyalty. Therefore, a public administrator who is deemed as a whistle blower may find it difficult to find a job. If the truth is told, then the world today comprises of more evil than good. Most employers bend the rules to a given extend. With this in mind, employers might find it difficult to tolerate Springer since h e cannot â€Å"bend† the law. Therefore, the overall chances of Springer getting another job will be lower. Another disadvantage, though obvious, is that Springer will lose his job if he opts to use this solution. Losing a job may be disadvantageous to anyone. This is because one loses his source of income. To address this aforementioned disadvantage, Springer has to take legal counsel. The reason for legal counsel is to ensure that he keeps his job. In case he is fired, he has an option of suing his employer. Cases to do with ethics continue to increase in public administration. According to the New York Times, Morgensen (2011) reported a case of an employee who exposed the Bank of America. The court awarded this employee a total of 3.8 million dollars in damages. The employee, Mr. Winston exposed how Countrywide Company failed in observing professional ethics and the law while conducting its businesses. Countrywide wanted Mr. Winston, their former employee, to misrepresent the corporate governance practices in a report. In fact, the company’s president had asked Mr. Winston to write a report countering another report that had expressed concerns about executive pay and succession plan. The problem was that Winston had never come across an extensive succession plan and he refused to write the report. The president of countrywide wanted to terminate Winston’s employment but instead chose to reduce the number of employees working beneath him. When the bank of America took over Countrywide, they fired Winston on the account of being a whistle blower. This case shows the extent to which management accountants neglect ethics while performing professional duties. Wyatt (2011a) also presents an interesting article on how corporate whistle-blowers gains from reporting cases on unethical practices. The fact that the congress and financial market regulators offer rewards to whistle-blowers serves to show just how the management accounting field has abandoned ethics. The study of professional ethics has become increasingly important in the public sector, especially in public administration. Public administrators require ethics due to the nature of their work and the sensitivity of public (Svennson and Wood, 2003). Users of public information, businesses, investors, and the internal revenue department rely on the information provided by a public administrator to perform their duties effectively. Public administrators such as accountants prepared statements, which must be audited to show a true and fair view on the position of the company in the market. Therefore, to ensure that the information given does not mislead the public, managers and public administrators ought to provide information that is valid. Availability of ethics in the field of public administration will enhance the credibility of opinion provided by the accountants. Equally, Governor Smith must embrace ethics. Moreover, any breach in code of conduct must be puni shed severely. Recommendations To solve ethical problems that affect the public administration there is need for amendments in the prevailing ethical rules. Various reasons have been advanced as to why there is need for amending ethics in the public sector. Being a public administrator comes with great power and responsibility. Most public administrators have access to a lot of information and funds that may be lethal for one person to hold. Therefore, organizations have incorporated ethics to prevent misuse of information acquired during professional work. Ethics is a form of security to the public. For instance, the field of information technology requires ethics. This is because computers have led to a significant increase in the abuse of information and fraud. In the banking industry for example, with little information about an individual, the prospect to commit fraud by unethical employees increases. The enactment of professional ethics coupled with policies in public administ ration reduces the chances of fraud. However, the initiative of the public administrator is needed to enhance amendments in the code of conduct. In public administration, ethics is useful in molding behavior and to protect the public’s interests from being sabotaged. Adherence to strict code of contact should be mandatory in the public sector field to provide credibility to the industry. For example, development of ethics in the field of information technology has led to an increase in trading via the internet. Ethics is compulsory to ensure that the public feel safe about their personal information and resources. The most commonly accepted reason for ethics in public sector is to enhance professionalism. The idea of professionalism usually involves having knowledge of what is right to do and the right conduct of an individual. Public administrators with the knowledge of right and wrong will usually ensure that he or she maintains professionalism at all costs. Moreover, ethic s is useful in maintaining an administrator’s discipline (Brown, 2004). Discipline ensures that the public sector maintains a level of excellence that is required by the government and the public. Conclusion This is a case on rational decision-making when faced with ethical problems. The study of professional ethics has become increasingly important in the public sector, especially in public administration. Public administrators require ethics due to the nature of their work and the sensitivity of public. To solve ethical problems, one needs to identify the methods available. Managers use models to simplify the process of decision-making. Kurt Lewin introduced the force field model, which he used in simplifying the problem. However, using this model requires identification of the administrator at the core of the problem. To identify the public administrator who is at the center of the force field we have to identify the person who is facing issues regarding to ethics and deci sion-making. From the article, several administrators are facing ethical issues. However, decision-making issues do not hold most of them captives since they have already made their decisions. This therefore leaves Springer as the major candidate who is faced by ethical issues and a decision to make on these issues. Most of the countries and businesses in the world have incorporated ethics into their constitutions. Taking the example of Brazil, their federal constitution has incorporated the concept of morality, impersonality, publicity, efficiency, and legality in public administration. The concept of ethics is based on morality. Morality is a principle that leads to the understanding that the service to the people requires more than compliance to the law. Ethics is a system of moral principles that governs the accounting profession while conducting their daily activities. With the recent track record in accounting there is need to enhance the controls in the field. In the last dec ade alone, the cases pertaining to ethics have to light. To solve ethical problems that affect the public administration there is need for amendments in the prevailing ethical rules. Various reasons have been advanced as to why there is need for amending ethics in the public sector. Being a public administrator comes with great power and responsibility. For instance, the field of information technology requires ethics. This is because computers have led to a significant increase in the abuse of information and fraud. In the banking industry for example, with little information about an individual, the prospect to commit fraud by unethical employees increases. To solve ethical problems that affect the public administration there is need for amendments in the current ethical rules. Analysts in the field of ethics have given various reasons as to why there is need for amending ethics in the public sector. One of the reasons is that a public administrator has great power and responsibil ity. Moreover, public administrators have access to a lot of information and funds that may be lethal for one person to control. Therefore, organizations have incorporated ethics to prevent misuse of information acquired during professional work. Ethics is a form of security to the public. A moral stand is important to the public since it will increase their confidence in the administrators. References Brown, T. K. (2004). The costly myth of growth through acquisition. Bank Director, 1 (2), 14-19 Figueiredo, C. M. Marcos, N. (2002). Ethics in Public Administration and In The Exercise of Citzenship: The Role of The Brazilian Audit Courts As Accountability Agencies. The Pernambuco Audit Court Case, 1(4), 12-30 Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 9-15. Miller, M.G. (n.d). Public Scrutiny and Accountability: Dilemma in State Administration. The Messenger, 3 (2), 87-99 Morgensen, G. (2011). How The Whistle Blower Conquered Country Wide. B ank Director, 1 (2), 122-128 Schneider, A. (2004). Ethical Decision Making on Various Managerial Accounting Issues. JAMAR , (2) 2, 29-35 Wyatt, E. (2010). For Whistle Blowers, Expanded Incentives. Bank Director, 1 (2), 31-40

Biography of Kim Il-Sung, First North Korean President

Biography of Kim Il-Sung, First North Korean President Kim Il-Sung (April 15, 1912–July 8, 1994) of North Korea established one of the worlds most powerful cults of personality, known as the Kim Dynasty or Mount Paektu Bloodline. Although succession in communist regimes usually passes between members of the top political echelons, North Korea has become a hereditary dictatorship, with Kims son and grandson taking power in turn. Fast Facts: Kim Il-Sung Known For: Prime Minister, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea 1948–1972, President 1972–1994, and establishing the Kim Dynasty in KoreaBorn: April 15, 1912 in Mangyongdae, Pyongyang, KoreaParents: Kim Hyong-jik and Kang Pan-sokDied: July 8, 1994 at Hyangsan Residence, North Pyongan province, North KoreaEducation: 20 years in Manchuria as a guerrilla fighter against the JapaneseSpouse(s): Kim Jung Sook (m. 1942, died 1949); Kim Seong Ae (m. 1950, died 1994)Children: Two sons, one daughter from Kim Jung Sook, including Kim Jong Il (1942–2011); and two sons and three daughters from Kim Seong Ae Early Life Kim Il-Sung was born in Japanese-occupied Korea on April 15, 1912, not long after Japan formally annexed the peninsula.  His parents, Kim Hyong-jik and Kang Pan-sok, named him Kim Song-ju. Kims family may have been Protestant Christians; Kims official biography claims that they were also anti-Japanese activists, but that is a remarkably unreliable source. In any case, the family went into exile in Manchuria in 1920 to escape either Japanese oppression, famine, or both. While in Manchuria, according to North Korean government sources, Kim Il-Sung joined the anti-Japanese resistance at the age of 14. He became interested in Marxism at 17 and joined a small communist youth group as well. Two years later in 1931, Kim became a member of the anti-imperialist Chinese Communist Party (CCP), inspired in large part by his hatred of the Japanese. He took this step just a few months before Japan occupied Manchuria, following the trumped-up Mukden Incident.   In 1935, the 23-year-old Kim joined a guerrilla faction run by the Chinese Communists called the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. His superior officer Wei Zhengmin had contacts high in the CCP and took Kim under his wing. That same year, Kim changed his name to Kim Il-Sung. By the following year, the young Kim was in command of a division of several hundred men. His division briefly captured a small town on the Korean/Chinese border from the Japanese; this little victory made him very popular among the Korean guerrillas and their Chinese sponsors. As Japan strengthened its hold over Manchuria and pushed into China proper, it drove Kim and the survivors of his division across the Amur River into Siberia. The Soviets welcomed the Koreans, retraining them and forming them into a division of the Red Army. Kim Il-Sung was promoted to the rank of major and fought for the Soviet Red Army for the rest of World War II. Return to Korea When Japan surrendered to the Allies, the Soviets marched into Pyongyang on August 15, 1945, and occupied the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. With very little previous planning, the Soviets and Americans divided Korea roughly along the 38th parallel of latitude. Kim Il-Sung returned to Korea on August 22, and the Soviets appointed him head of the Provisional Peoples Committee. Kim immediately established the Korean Peoples Army (KPA), made up of veterans, and began to consolidate power in Soviet-occupied northern Korea. On September 9, 1945, Kim Il-Sung announced the creation of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, with himself as premier. The U.N. had planned Korea-wide elections, but Kim and his Soviet sponsors had other ideas; the Soviets recognized Kim as premier of the entire Korean peninsula. Kim Il-Sung began to build his personality cult in North Korea and develop his military, with massive amounts of Soviet-built weaponry. By June 1950, he was able to convince Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong that he was ready to reunify Korea under a communist flag. The Korean War Within three months of North Koreas June 25, 1950 attack on South Korea, Kim Il-Sungs army had driven the southern forces and their U.N. allies down to a last-ditch defensive line on the southern coast of the peninsula, called the Pusan Perimeter. It seemed that victory was close at hand for Kim. However, the southern and U.N. forces rallied and pushed back, capturing Kims capital at Pyongyang in October. Kim Il-Sung and his ministers had to flee to China. Maos government was not willing to have the U.N. forces on his border, however, so when the southern troops reached the Yalu River, China intervened on Kim Il-Sungs side. Months of bitter fighting followed, but the Chinese retook Pyongyang in December. The war dragged on until July of 1953, when it ended in a stalemate with the peninsula divided once more along the 38th Parallel. Kims bid to reunify Korea under his rule had failed. North Korean leader Kim Il-Sung signs the Korean Armistice Agreement at Pyongyang, North Korea, 1953. Hulton Archive/Getty Images Building North Korea Kim Il-Sungs country was devastated by the Korean War. He sought to rebuild its agricultural base by collectivizing all of the farms  and to create an industrial base of state-owned factories producing weapons and heavy machinery.   In addition to building a communist command economy, he needed to consolidate his own power. Kim Il-Sung put out propaganda celebrating his (exaggerated) role in fighting the Japanese, spread rumors that the U.N. had deliberately spread disease among North Koreans, and disappeared any political opponents who spoke against him. Gradually, Kim created a Stalinist country in which all information (and misinformation) came from the state, and citizens dared not display the slightest disloyalty to their leader for fear of vanishing into a prison camp, never to be seen again. To ensure docility, the government would often disappear entire families if one member spoke out against Kim. The Sino-Soviet split in 1960 left Kim Il-Sung in an awkward position. Kim disliked Nikita Khrushchev, so he initially sided with the Chinese. When Soviet citizens were allowed to openly criticize Stalin during de-Stalinization, some North Koreans seized the opportunity to speak out against Kim as well. After a brief period of uncertainty, Kim instituted his second purge, executing many critics and driving others out of the country. Relations with China were complicated as well. An aging Mao was losing his grip on power, so he initiated the Cultural Revolution in 1967. Weary of the instability in China and wary that a similarly chaotic movement might spring up in North Korea, Kim Il-Sung denounced the Cultural Revolution.  Mao, furious with this about-face, began publishing anti-Kim broadsides. When China and the United States began a cautious rapprochement, Kim turned to the smaller communist countries of Eastern Europe to find new allies, particularly East Germany and Romania. Kim also turned away from classical Marxist-Stalinist ideology and began to promote his own idea of Juche or self-reliance. Juche developed into an almost religious ideal, with Kim in a central position as its creator. According to the principles of Juche, the North Korean people have a duty to be independent of other nations in their political thought, their defense of the country, and in economic terms. This philosophy has greatly complicated international aid efforts during North Koreas frequent famines. Inspired by Ho Chi Minhs successful use of guerrilla warfare and espionage against the Americans, Kim Il-Sung stepped up the use of subversive tactics against the South Koreans and their American allies across the DMZ. On January 21, 1968, Kim sent a 31-man special forces unit into Seoul to assassinate South Korean President Park Chung-Hee. The North Koreans got to within 800 meters of the presidential residence, the Blue House, before they were stopped by South Korean police. Kims Later Rule Miroslav Zajic/Getty Images In 1972, Kim Il-Sung proclaimed himself president, and in 1980 he appointed his son Kim Jong-il as his successor. China initiated economic reforms and became more integrated into the world under Deng Xiaoping; this left North Korea increasingly isolated. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Kim and North Korea stood nearly alone. Crippled by the cost of maintaining a million-man army, North Korea was in dire straits. Death and Legacy On July 8, 1994, the now 82-year-old president Kim Il-Sung suddenly died of a heart attack. His son Kim Jong-il took power. However, the younger Kim did not formally take the title of president- instead, he declared Kim Il-Sung as the Eternal President of North Korea. Today, portraits and statues of Kim Il-Sung stand throughout the country, and his embalmed body rests in a glass coffin at the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun in Pyongyang. Sources Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Great Leader Kim Il Sung Biography.French, Paul. North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula, A Modern History (2nd ed.). London: Zed Books, 2007.Horvat, Andrew. Obituary: Kim Il Sung. Independent, July 11, 1994. Web.Lankov, Andrei N.  From Stalin to Kim il Sung: The Formation of North Korea, 1945-1960. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.Reid, T. R. North Korean President Kim Il Sung Dies at 82. The Washington Post, July 9, 1994.Sanger, David E. Kim Il Sung Dead at Age 82; Led North Korea 5 Decades; Was Near Talks With South. The New York Times, July 9, 1994. Web.Suh Dae-Sook.  Kim il Sung: The North Korean Leader. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

The evolution of the oil and gas technology policy Research Paper

The evolution of the oil and gas technology policy - Research Paper Example Canada is one such country, which has an immense endowment of oil as well as natural gas resources, and by extracting, refining and also transporting these resources, it is not only providing high number jobs to its citizens but also strongly contributing to its economy as well as trade balance. Although, these oil and gas deposits have naturally developed more than a billion years ago, it is due to the expertise as well as technology adoption of the Canadians, they are able to effectively extract it, process it, transport it and achieve success. From finding the first deposits in 1850s to the current optimum expansion throughout Canada, oil and gas companies with the support of the government are carrying out extensive operations, both onshore as well as offshore. The support of the government is critical because with all the oil and gas resources belonging to the Federal government, their laws and policies plays a key role in the tapping of these oil and gas resources, particularly in the usage of technology. With government policies and use of technology being interrelated, the focus will be on how the evolution of the Canadian oil and gas sector and the resultant formulation of policies have impacted and still impacting the evolution of the oil and gas technology polici es as well. The Canadian crude oil and gas industry had its origins in 1850, when James Miller Williams, a carriage maker from Hamilton, Ontario, â€Å"dug and drilled the first commercial oil wells in southwestern Ontario and established North America’s first integrated oil company.† (Bott & Carson, 2012).The other key fuel of the petroleum era, natural gas, was first discovered in New Brunswick in 1859, with Eugene Coste, an entrepreneur, being the first Canadian to find and develop natural gas resources on a large scale, first in Ontario and later in Alberta. (Bott & Carson, 2012). From those humble beginnings, Canada has

Management by culture is another way of exercising control in Essay - 1

Management by culture is another way of exercising control in organizations. Critically discuss this statement with reference to issues of power, control and r - Essay Example In the process of understanding the management system and function in a work place, the culture should also be given a priority in exercising management system in a work place. Usually, work place often times have a lot of unresolved issues primary because each citizen who works together in a small unit of an office acquired ideas, concepts and values because they have different cultures. This is about the values, the upbringing that each individual possess or holds on to, and these concepts have a significant part on how an individual handles a business or any decision that they make in a working environment. Briefly, there are systems by which we can control and have a conducive working environment fit for all cultures and that will be discussed in the process of the paper. Each particular segment will provide a brief review of literature that have been stipulated and used by some corporation, which in the process provided a total shift and change of working relationship with fellow co-workers. Also, through the process of reorganization of working conditions, the collegues themselves found out that through management by culture, their work environment become much better and their work progress accordingly because they are able to connect and communicate with one another. One of the greatest mentors in Management was Alasdair MacIntyre. ... Probably, this method of making things done applied in the beginning, such that during the time of industrial evolution wherein the best place to earn and become productive is if a person is working in a factory or office or wherever. But the times have changed and people have developed a sense of pride and understand that force is not the way to make things work in an office set up. There had been a lot of rules and laws that have been passed on to addressed these unrighteous working condition. Now most companies are geared to a globalise community. Each organization has at least 10 different nationalities working together and need to co-exist accordingly beside the fact that they are also trying to understand the working ethics that is trying to unify their common goal and perspective to make certain and progress in the work place or community. To begin with we shall understand the important of management prior to proceeding with the cultural relationship that holds a crucial part in any management organization. According to one the Motivation book by W. Taylor, he said, "In dealing with the employees under this type of management, it is an inflexible rule to talk to and deal with only one person or staff at a time. Since each employee has their own special abilities and limitations, and also since we are not dealing with men in masses, but are trying to develop each individual person to his highest state of efficiency and prosperity. Our first step was to find the proper workman to begin with. We therefore carefully watched and studied these 75 men for three or four days, at the end of which time we had picked out four men

The Crucible and explore Essay Example for Free

The Crucible and explore Essay Choose one character from The Crucible and explore how they change throughout the course of the play.  The crucible is a play written by Arthur Miller and was first produced in 1953, during the middle of the McCarthy political witch-trials. The story is set in a little town of Salem, Massachusetts, where a lot of innocent people were wrongly convicted of witchcraft and in the end were hung. Arthur Miller was living through and experiencing this at the time, and wrote this play to try and get across what it was like living through this period of time. Throughout this play you see many characters develop and change as the plot goes on. One of the characters that shows a clear change and development is John Proctor. John Proctor was a farmer in his 30s, he was respected but also feared in Salem, he had a sharp and biting was with hypocrites and came to regard himself as a fraud. In act 1 Proctor comes across as a very flirtatious man. He seems to take a shine to Abigail. We know there has been some history between him and Abigail when he says I will cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. But despite this he is still flirting with her by saying Ah, youre wicked yet, arent y. This shows he is giving her mixed messages and not taking her seriously. He can see that she is not as innocent as she makes out to be, and that he can see straight through her. This tells and shows the audience that the character of John Proctor is a very levelheaded man and talks sense. Unlike other characters such as Parris, he can see through her act. This gives you the impression that Proctor is a very reliable character and that he can be trusted. With Proctors flirtatiousness with Abigail he is also giving off the impression that he is not as much the religious man of Salem they all expect him to be. He broke one of the 10 commandments which says Thou shalt not commit adultery. This would be frowned upon in the town and would have been taken very seriously and may even have led to a hanging. The stage directions used in the first act also help us to visualise his flirty ways. At one stage when he is speaking to her he looks at her with the faintest suggestion of a knowing smile on his face to which he says Whats the mischief here? She replies with laugh. By adding in the stage directions it has changed the way Proctor addresses her while saying his line, it also affects the way Abigail reacts back when told to do so. Stage directions are important to the actor playing the part of Proctor as it tells them him how to say a line, how to react to something that has been said and how to move and interact in general. The stage directions are also to the audience reading the play as it helps them to imagine and visualise what is actually going on and reactions that are made. In act 2 Proctor changes from very flirtatious to very protective over his wife but he also gets very sharp with her and becomes irrational. When Elizabeth says something to her husband about or concerning Abigail he will instantly bite back at her and make sure what he is saying is heard. One example of this is when Elizabeth says to Proctor (with a smile, trying to keep her dignity) John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? I think not. To which Proctor replies (With solemn warning) You will not judge me more, Elizabeth. I have good reason to think before I charge fraud on Abigail, and I will think on it. Let you look to your own improvement before you go to judge your husband anymore. In a way it gives the impression that he doesnt like the truth and sometimes cant take it very well, so his reaction would be to bite back. As the plot goes on you can see Proctors good side starting to come through, even though he still gets aggressive and ill-tempered and easily provoked, the rest of the village are starting to understand why he retaliates so much and are starting to respect him more for that. In this act, to really get the feeling of Proctors anger and biting nature, the dramatic devices aid you extremely well in getting the full picture in your mind of how he is reacting to the things she is saying. By just reading through the play there is no indication of how the character says what he/she is saying. With Proctor this indication are very useful as his mood changes in different situations and helps you to understand when he is angry like he is in the part of the act. In act 3 Proctor changes dramatically to the way he is with certain characters. In this act you see him becoming very horrible and nasty towards Abigail. There are many ways in which his attitude changes towards her. In the stage directions it states that Proctor leaps at Abigail and, grabbing her by the hair pulls her to her feet. She screams in pain. This shows a change in the way Proctor addresses Abigail. He becomes aggressive towards her and uses forceful actions against her. I think he is fed up with putting up with all of Abigails lies against his wife and Mary Warren and the only way she is likely to listen to him and take in what he is saying is by using such drastic action as to leap at her and grab her by her hair. This, I would assume hurt, so he wants to cause her pain in hoping it will make her listen to what he is trying to tell her. This description being wrote as a stage directions acts as a visual aid for the reader, it helps them to visualise what is going on at that time in the scene and may give you as a reader more of an understanding what the author is trying to get across. Another way in which the author portrays Proctors turn against Abigail is through language. For example, It is not a child. Now hear me, sir. In the sight of the congregation she were twice this year put out of this meetin house for laughter during prayer. Proctor is trying to convince everyone that Abigail isnt as innocent as she makes out to be. The town of Salem is extremely religious and frowns upon anyone going against god or behaving in an unacceptable manner towards the religion. On account of them hearing this they would all immediately agree that it is unacceptable to laugh during prayer in the church and their views of her will turn from good to bad. Along with hearing this they may also believe that she hasnt been telling the truth from the start and that if she has in fact been lying god will see this and provide her with the suitable punishment instead of going about it themselves. In this act proctor also becomes very motivated to try and prove his wifes innocence and also the innocence of his friends. When Danforth takes an interest in Mary Warren and asks what she has to tell, Proctor looks at her to see that she cannot speak so he jumps in to defend her. She never saw no spirits, sir. Proctor does this because he notices that Mary Warren is unable to answer this question by herself therefore intervenes to help her. I think that Proctor has also seen the error of his ways, being the way he acted towards people earlier on in the play, and is trying to make amends for the bad things he has done. The last thing he wants to see happen is his wife and all of his friends being hung for things they have not done therefore does his best to defend them. Proctor also gives evidence against Abigail to change it around so she is the one being asked the questions instead and tries to make her the new subject. Abigail leads the girls to the woods, Your Honour, and they have danced there naked - In act 4 John Proctor becomes silent and wont speak to anyone except his wife, once she is aloud in to try and talk to him, he would only take food and would stay chained to the wall. One way in which we know this is when Herrick says to Danforth, He sits like some great bird; youd not know hed lived except he will take some food from time to time.And again when Herrick also says He cannot, sir, he is chained to the wall now. This is one of the biggest changes Proctor makes throughout the play. From the beginning we got the impression that John Proctor has always been well spoken and likes to have his views heard. Now we are seeing a completely different side to him by him staying silent. It is my personal opinion that Proctor is taking a stand against everything that has gone on in the town of Salem. He doesnt think its right all these judges coming in and accusing people of witchcraft without enough evidence and believing storys of little girls over people of superior like himself. He doesnt think he should have to justify himself when he has done nothing wrong and while no one else has done anything wrong. Later on this act Proctor decides to confess to accounts of witchcraft. While being addressed about this Proctor brakes down into tears and lowers himself for everyone to see. Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!. This shows Proctors delicate side. He feels that he himself should confess to charges of witchcraft in effort to save everyone who has been up for it. This short monologue really hits you hard as a reader. You realise that Proctor isnt all he is made out to be from the start. He is changed man by the end of the play. I think they writer of the play, Arthur Miller, wanted to produce a character who was tough on the outside yet very deep on insecure on the inside, and that is exactly what you see change throughout the course of the play. At the start he tries to make out that everyone in Salem fears him and that he is superior to everyone else, whereas he is just using this to cover up how insecure and fragile he is deep down. I think that Proctor is one of the best and complex characters I have seen in a book. He has a lot of depth to him that you wouldnt be able to tell from just a little section of the book. Right from the start to the end Proctor progressively changes for the better even thought at the end he sadly dies. He gives himself to the court to save others from the tragic fate that would have awaited them, and therefore I think that would make him a hero in the eyes of the people of Salem, putting himself forward for a fate he didnt deserve but still took without complaint.

The Gaelic League :: Essays Papers

The Gaelic League After the famine and the institution of Home Rule on Ireland as part of the United Kingdom, the partially broken country, Ireland, became in need of nationalism in its land, along with something that would set the Irish apart from England. Answering the call for leadership in a country with a desperate need for it, Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill stepped up. In 1893, the two joined to form the Gaelic League. The effects of this organization change the success of Ireland as a country. The Gaelic League was not only a source of nationalism and unity for the country, the league also gave Ireland a sense of uniqueness from its dominating and overbearing neighbor, England. The League eventually helped the country gain its independence. The Gaelic League did, however, experience great difficulties throughout its existence and became a factor in the eventual civil war in Ireland. The Gaelic League was designed by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill in order to separate Ireland from England. Similar to today, when countries do not want to loose their customs and traditions to the American customs and traditions, Ireland was striving to maintain its sense of individuality. Ireland, from the perspective of other nations, was just part of the United Kingdom and considered under the control of England (MacDonagh 68). Hyde and MacNeill, along with many others, were not content with the partial freedom Ireland received from the Home Rule Act. The act gave Ireland a chance to hold its own parliament, but would keep English institutions and speak English as their national language. In order to keep the Gaelic language alive, Gaelic speaking and singing contests were held to promote the learning of the language (Brown 94). These contests were associated with the Gaelic Athletic Association which was a precursor to the Gaelic League. The Gaelic Athletic As sociate created teams from Ireland which would compete against each other, creating another source of income, although very minimal, for some peasants and another part of the economy for a financially weak country. These speaking competitions eventually lead to the creation of the Gaelic League. The goal of The Gaelic League was to maintain the Irish language by teaching it in schools.

Organizational Objectives and Total Compensation in Different Markets Essay

Total compensation encompasses all of the resources available to employees such as money, benefits, and services that reward the employee for their services with the company (Virginia Tech). A total compensation package covers may aspects such as extrinsic and intrinsic compensation. Extrinsic compensation is more of the monetary or legal means behind paying employees. Intrinsic compensation is the quality of life at work such as job variety or management feedback. Companies can use their compensation packages to attract certain types of employees and also retain them for an extended period of time. However, the reward of total compensation to attack and retain employees has not always been the manner in which companies treated their staff. For more years in history than not, companies would work their employees incredibly hard resulting in employees putting forth much of their life’s to work and receiving very little in return. Laws and Regulations The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) had a significant impact in the manner in which employees are to be rewarded for their work. FLSA set a minimum wage for employees to be paid, it established an overtime premium of time and a half for hours beyond 40 in a seven day period, and it set guidelines for how much minors were able to be worked (DOL, 2015). Equal Pay act of 1963 said that employers were not allowed to segregate their wages based on employee’s gender. This act created an historic definition of equal work; requiring both sexes are to receive equal opportunity for compensation. Women have generally always been paid less than men for doing the same jobs and the Equal Pay Act has been enforced to remedy the issue. Furthermore, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 went on to make sure that no person was discriminated against for race, color, sex, national origin, or  religion. This would include areas such as the hiring process; employee reviews, working conditions, promotion opportunities (National Archives). This act was the forefront of dissimilating discrimination not only in the work place but also in all business and educational establishments whether an employee, customer, student, or teacher. Taking the HR Consultant Role There are many things to consider within each company when it comes to creating a total compensation plan. Hiring a federally contracted employee in the government technology requires a different approach than hiring cashiers at a locally owned shop. While work related laws are pertain to all working individuals not all business are required to function in the same manner. For example, all working individuals are protected from discrimination. They must also earn overtime when deemed necessary according to FLSA. However, not all employers are required to provide medical leave to their employees. Under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, only employers with 50 or more employees within a 75 mile radius must provide this to employees (SHRM, 2010). The Davis-Bacon Act requires that federally contracted employees be paid a fair salary based on the current salary in the area. There are several varieties in total compensation available for employers to present a favorable plan to a perspective employee. These rules and regulations maintain some type of standardization from a governmental perspective. The laws and regulations mentioned about were implemented to provide a standard level fairness between employers and employees. They prevent individuals having to be put through high levels of extreme conditions from doing so without being properly rewarded for that tedious work. Without these laws and regulations companies would have complete control over their company and have the availability to to abuse their power. The establishment of such laws also created a competitive edge for companies when it comes to hiring and retaining employees. Much of today’s successful companies are top competitors because they are employee focused companies. They aim to please the employees because they are aware that if the employees are happy the customers are happy. Resources DOL. Wage and Hour Division (WHD). Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/ National Archives. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/ SHRM (2010). Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.shrm.org/legalissues/federalresources/federalstatutesregulationsandguidanc/ ages/familyandmedicalleaveactof1993.aspx Virginia Tech. Total Compensation. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.hr.vt.edu/compensation/total_compensation/index.html

Descriptive Essay About Mothers Cookies Essay

Many students enter college expecting good times, knowledge, friendships, and a new sense of direction. When I first got to William Penn I didn’t believe I would gain any of that. As time has passed I realized that WPU does have a lot to offer but everything takes patients. I also had to realize that everything wasn’t going to come easy either. I soon found out that college comes with challenges and struggles because of the great demands and expectations that comes with success. The demands of doing many different things with very little time can become overwhelming. But I believe I’m starting to get the hang of it. There are a limited number of students on the campus so it makes it easier to focus in class that’s something I really like. Putting in long hours and worrying about class does bring extra stress but I’m learning to balance it all out. Coming to WPU has also taught me to have an open ming that I can’t just do the tihngs that I kno w how to do. I have to try new things that im unconfortable doing. I believe attending this university will open many doors for me. It will also help me mature and become a better student . WPU wiil also help me build my career and start my life on the right path. I chose to come to William Penn becaus I knew that a school far away would give me a better chance to focus on school without too many distractions. Another reason I chose William Penn is because I’m very deticated to basketball and coach Henry offered me scholarship money to give me an oppurtunity to play. I also did my research and I noticed that the basketball team had a great season and great program. So I figured it was an honor that William Penn wanted me. I also have lived in Louisiana my whole life so i was really read for the college experience and something different other than Louisiana. So far I’m feeling that William Penn was the right choice for me. I needed a new start away from all my problems back home. I was really making bad choices that was starting to lead my life in a direction that i was not prepared for. Ofcourse all my problems are not going to just go away but being at William Penn is giving me an oppurtunity to live my dreams and revatuate myself as a person. Then I will be able to deal with my issues back home as a different person with a better mind set. So I definately don’t regret coming to this school because it is keeping me grounded and building character. Read Also:Â  Descriptive Essay Topic Ideas

Qu preguntan en la entrevista de visa de novios (K-1)

Qu preguntan en la entrevista de visa de novios (K-1) La entrevista para la visa de novios K-1 es un paso fundamental que en buena parte determina su aprobacià ³n negacià ³n de este tipo de visa. La entrevista tiene lugar en una embajada o consulado de los Estados Unidos y es un requisito obligatorio para el novio o la prometida de un ciudadano estadounidense para el que se pide la visa K-1. Solo despuà ©s podr ver estampado su pasaporte con la visa que le autoriza a ingresar a los Estados Unidos. Una vez en el paà ­s deber casarse con el ciudadano que le patrocinà ³ en el plazo mximo de 90 dà ­as e iniciar un proceso de ajuste de estatus, para asà ­ completar la tramitacià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Este artà ­culo contiene informacià ³n sobre preguntas que generalmente los oficiales consulares realizan a los prometidos de ciudadanos. No tienen por quà © ser iguales, pero son de ese tipo y buscan lo mismo: asegurarse de que la relacià ³n entre los novios es verdadera y no se trata de un fraude para ingresar asà ­ a los Estados Unidos y obtener los papeles.   Asimismo, se aclaran los requisitos de entrevista para los nià ±os para los que se solicita una visa K-2. Ejemplos de preguntas para la visa de novios K-1 Los dos novios tiene que presentarse, el dà ­a y a la hora que se les cite, en el consulado al que corresponda tramitar este tipo de documentos en el lugar en el que vive el prometido o prometida extranjero. Entre las preguntas que puede es comà ºn que se realicen destacan: Preguntas sobre la relacià ³n Cà ³mo se conocieron, cundo y dà ³nde.Por quà © desean contraer matrimonio y que el novio/a extranjero/a se mude a Estados Unidos y cules son los planes una vez se encuentre allà ­.Si quieren tener hijos.Quà © aficiones, hobbies, tienen en comà ºn y que disfrutan de hacer conjuntamente.Cà ³mo solucionan las peleas de novios.Quà © es lo que ms gusta del novio/a ¿Cà ³mo fue la proposicià ³n de matrimonio? ¿Hubo fiesta de compromiso o pedida formal de mano?Preguntas sobre el novio/a americano del tipo de cundo es su cumpleaà ±os, dà ³nde ha vivido, dà ³nde nacià ³, en quà © consiste su trabajo, etc. ¿Se ha estado previamente en Estados Unidos? Si la respuesta es afirmativa, se puede preguntar por cunto tiempo y con quà © tipo de visa.Si los prometidos no comparten la misma religià ³n, es posible que se pregunte sobre cà ³mo se resolverà ­an las diferencias ocasionadas por las diferentes creencias.Preguntas sobre la familia del novio/a americano del tipo:  ¿cun tos hermanos tiene?  ¿Dà ³nde viven sus padres?Si no se comunican fluidamente en el mismo idioma, esto tambià ©n ser probablemente objeto de preguntas. Cundo fue la à ºltima vez que se vieron los novios en persona. Preguntas sobre los planes de boda  ¿Se ha reservado ya el lugar del banquete? ¿Cundo se va a celebrar? ¿Quià ©nes son los invitados? ¿Puedo ver alguna tarjeta de invitacià ³n a la boda o alguna prueba de los planes que se estn haciendo para la celebracià ³n del matrimonio? Y es que es muy importante insistir en que la boda tiene que celebrarse antes de que transcurran 90 dà ­as a contar desde el momento de ingreso a Estados Unidos con una visa K-1. Si no hay matrimonio con la persona que patrocinà ³ la visa, la persona extranjera tiene que salir de los Estados Unidos. Ninguna pregunta es particularmente extraà ±a. Siempre y cuando se trate de dos novios de verdad generalmente no hay mayores problemas para responder a las preguntas del oficial consular que conduce la entrevista. Reglas para la entrevista para los solicitantes de una visa K-2 Los K-2 son los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os de una persona para la que se pide la K-1 de prometido.   No hay reglas fijas que regulen la entrevista. Y asà ­, depende de las normas internas de cada consulado decidir si se entrevista a los nià ±os o no. Por regla general puede decirse que los mayores son entrevistados y los ms pequeà ±os no. Si hay entrevista las preguntas ms comunes tratan de averiguar si el nià ±o conoce al ciudadano americano que se va a convertir en su madrastra o padrastro y cules fueron las circunstancias y preguntas semejantes. La visa K-2 se pide para hijos biolà ³gicos, adoptivos o hijastros de personas para las que se solicita la visa K-1. Pero es imprescindible que la persona que es la K-1 tenga custodia legal de esos nià ±os y, si la comparte, tenga el permiso del otro progenitor para sacar los nià ±os del paà ­s de su paà ­s de residencia y llevrselos a vivir a los Estados Unidos.   Quià ©n toma la decisià ³n de conceder o rechazar la visa K-1 y K-2 El oficial del consulado que tramita la visa tiene la palabra final sobre la aprobacià ³n del mismo. Puede negarla por mà ºltiples razones. Por ejemplo, si cree que la relacià ³n es fraudulenta y su à ºnico fin es obtener los papeles. Otra causa es que el ciudadano patrocinador no tiene ingresos suficientes para mantener a su novio. Y otra razà ³n puede ser que la persona para la que se piden los papeles sea inadmisible. Es decir, que no pueda obtener la tarjeta de residencia. Quià ©n puede solicitar la visa de novios Recordar que esta visa, tambià ©n conocida como de prometido, sà ³lo la pueden solicitar los ciudadanos americanos para sus parejas para que à ©stas puedan viajar a Estados Unidos con la finalidad de contraer matrimonio en los 90 dà ­as siguientes a su ingreso al paà ­s.   Es decir, los residentes permanentes legales no pueden pedir a sus novios, ya que las categorà ­as de personas para las que pueden pedir los papeles es mucho ms limitada que la que existe para los ciudadanos. Recordar que dentro del tà ©rmino ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos est incluida la categorà ­a de puertorriqueà ±os. Adems, resaltar que esta visa la pueden solicitar los estadounidenses para sus parejas de otro sexo, es decir, las heterosexuales, pero que tambià ©n pueden pedirlas gays, lesbianas, bisexuales y transexuales para contraer matrimonio con una persona de su mismo sexo. Consejo y alternativas a la visa K-1 No hay porquà © estar nervioso ante la entrevista. Si la relacià ³n es verdadera lo ms probable es que los novios sepan quà © contestar a cada una de las preguntas. En todo caso, puede ser aconsejable repasar conjuntamente las respuestas a las preguntas ms comunes. En cuanto a las alternativas a la K-1 la que se le ocurre a mayor nà ºmero de personas es la de ingresar a Estados Unidos con visa de turista y despuà ©s casarse. Esto no est prohibido pero puede dar lugar a muchos problemas migratorios si la intencià ³n es quedarse en el paà ­s y arreglar los papeles. Por otro lado, si la pareja est ya casada legalmente, aunque el matrimonio se hubiera celebrado fuera de Estados Unidos, los ciudadanos siempre pueden realizar una peticià ³n de residencia por matrimonio o, en casos ms excepcionales, solicitar una visa K-3 para su cà ³nyuge. Finalmente, tener en cuenta los problemas que pueden surgir si el ciudadano que quiere una green card su pareja no ha residido recientemente en los Estados Unidos.

10 Tips for Using Research Note Cards

10 Tips for Using Research Note Cards Many teachers require students to use note cards to collect information for their first big term paper assignment. While this practice may seem old fashioned and out of date, it is actually still the best method for collecting research.   You will use research note cards to collect all the information necessary to write your term paperwhich includes the details you need for your bibliography notes. You should take extreme care as you create these note cards, because any time you leave out a single detail, you are creating  more work for yourself. You will have to visit each source again if you leave out essential information the first time around. Remember that citing every source completely and correctly is critical for success. If you dont cite a source, you are guilty of plagiarism! These tips will help you collect research and write  a successful paper. Start with a fresh pack of research note cards. Large, lined cards are probably best, especially if you want to make your own detailed personal notes. Also, consider color coding your cards by topic to keep your paper organized from the start.Devote an entire note card to each idea or note. Dont try to fit two sources (quotes and notes) on one card. No sharing space!Gather more than you need. Use the library and the Internet to find potential sources for your research paper. You should continue to research until you have quite a few potential sources- about three times as many as your teacher recommends.Narrow down your sources. As you read your potential sources, you will find that some are helpful, others are not, and some will repeat the same information you already have. This is how you narrow your list down to include the most solid sources.Record as you go. From each source, write down any notes or quotes that could be useful in your paper. As you take notes, try to paraphras e all the information. This reduces the chances of committing accidental plagiarism. Include everything. For each note you will need to record authors name, the title of reference (book, article, interview, etc.), reference publication information, to include publisher, date, place, year, issue, volume, page number, and your own personal comments.Create your own system and stick to it. For instance, you may want to pre-mark each card with spaces for each category, just to make sure you dont leave anything out.Be exact. If at any time you write down information word for word (to be used as a quote), be sure to include all punctuation marks, capitalizations, and breaks exactly as they appear in the source. Before you leave any source, double-check your notes for accuracy.If you think it might be useful, write it down. Dont ever, ever pass over information because youre just not sure whether it will be useful! This is a very common and costly mistake in research. More often than not, you find that the passed-over tidbit is critical to your paper, and then theres a go od chance  you wont find it again. Avoid using abbreviations and code words as you record notes - especially if you plan to quote. Your own writing can look completely foreign to you later. Its true! You may not be able to understand your own clever codes after a day or two, either.

The Body Shop Marketing Plan In Hull Assignment

The Body Shop Marketing Plan In Hull - Assignment Example Since it is a socially committed company, Body shop gives more priority to environmental protection and human right protection. Hull is one of the most heavily populated cities in England. It has a large tradition and heritage. Moreover, Hull is one of the heavily industrialized cities in England. The per capita income of people of Hull city is more than that of other people in England. Body shop has better business potentials in Hull city, especially in the coming spring season. This report discusses the marketing strategies suitable for body shop to exploit the market potentials of Hull city in the coming spring season. Background Corporate social responsibility and sustainable development are some of the popular business terms in the modern world. These terms got popularity because of the increasing awareness of the people about the protection of environment and the consequences of injudicious exploitation of natural resources. Corporates in the past heavily exploited the natural resources and hence the environment is facing huge problems now. Modern generation believe that it is the duty of the corporate companies to give something back to the communities in which they operate and to the environmental protection. ... d.). The Body Shop is the leader in cosmetic industry at present. Founded at Brighton, UK, in 1976, Body shop has expanded its wings to continents such as America, Asia and Europe. Hull is an important British market for the body shop. Hull is a city with immense heritage and people in this city give more importance to the protection of their beauty. The demand for cosmetic products is high in Hull compared to other cities in England. As in the case of many other businesses, cosmetic business depends heavily on seasonal changes. March, April and May (spring) are months with pleasant climate in Hull. During spring, people got out quite frequently and engage in so many activities including beauty care activities. With the help of suitable marketing activities, Body Shop can increase its sales in Hull city during the coming season. This paper analyses the marketing strategies required to position The Body Shop and its products during the spring in Hull. Environment analysis External and internal environments are equally important for a company like body shop to formulate effective marketing strategies. External environment has to be analysed at the macro and micro levels to get more insights into the effectiveness of the marketing strategies of Body shop. External Environment Robens (2007) pointed out that â€Å"Mergers and acquisitions are two common and prevailing means for company growth in today’s business world. They represent options that aim at a very high degree of integration, as opposed to cooperative agreements and joint ventures† (p.12). â€Å"On March 17, 2006, Body Shop announced that it had agreed to be taken over by L’Oreal in a ?652 million (US$ 1.14 billion) deal. L’Oreal offered 300 pence a